{"id": "DISC-0027", "item_id": "ITEM-0016", "source_id": "SRC-0025", "year": "1971", "date_precision": "year", "disclosure_method": "academic_research", "extent": "summary", "coverage": "", "review_status": "unreviewed", "notes": "", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0016", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0013", "name": "Initiation (bayʿa) and silent remembrance (dhikr khafī)", "secrecy_type": "transmitted_technique", "restricted_to": "Disciples initiated by a shaykh of the order", "restriction_mechanism": "vow;oral_only", "stated_reason": "Litanies and methods are held to be effective only when passed down the chain of masters (silsila)", "current_status": "practiced", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "The pledge by which a disciple enters the order, and the silent remembrance and related exercises the shaykh then teaches.", "notes": ""}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0013", "name": "Naqshbandi order", "tradition_type": "religious_branch", "founded": "14th century (Bahāʾ al-Dīn Naqshband)", "region": "Central Asia / worldwide", "status": "active", "wikidata": "Q32078", "notes": "Sunni Sufi order with many branches, including the Mujaddidi and Khalidi lines."}, "source": {"id": "SRC-0025", "title": "The Sufi Orders in Islam", "author": "J. Spencer Trimingham", "original_year": "1971", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "", "identifiers": "ol:OL1363002W", "provenance": "scholarship", "source_authenticity": "unassessed", "verification_notes": "", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "", "artifacts": []}, "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0025", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0025", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "disclosures", "record_id": "DISC-0027", "code": "record_unreviewed", "message": "Record review status is unreviewed; review is not proof of truth."}, {"table": "disclosures", "record_id": "DISC-0027", "code": "disclosure_without_coverage", "message": "The parts, version or edition covered by this disclosure have not been specified."}, {"table": "restricted_items", "record_id": "ITEM-0016", "code": "status_without_dated_evidence", "message": "The recorded practice status is provisional: no dated status claims are linked."}], "claims": [{"id": "CLM-0053", "item_id": "ITEM-0016", "claim_type": "content", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "In the Naqshbandi silent remembrance the shaykh recites the profession of faith in his heart while the disciple sits with his heart facing the shaykh's, eyes closed, mouth shut, tongue pressed to the roof of the mouth, teeth together and breath held, and repeats it with the heart and not the tongue, three times in one breath, until he can keep it up even in a crowd.", "period": "by 1868 (Ottoman Empire)", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0055", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "pp. 127–128", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Checked against the Internet Archive text on 2026-11-04. Brown gives these as instructions from a member of the order.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0016", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0013", "name": "Initiation (bayʿa) and silent remembrance (dhikr khafī)", "secrecy_type": "transmitted_technique", "restricted_to": "Disciples initiated by a shaykh of the order", "restriction_mechanism": "vow;oral_only", "stated_reason": "Litanies and methods are held to be effective only when passed down the chain of masters (silsila)", "current_status": "practiced", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "The pledge by which a disciple enters the order, and the silent remembrance and related exercises the shaykh then teaches.", "notes": ""}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0013", "name": "Naqshbandi order", "tradition_type": "religious_branch", "founded": "14th century (Bahāʾ al-Dīn Naqshband)", "region": "Central Asia / worldwide", "status": "active", "wikidata": "Q32078", "notes": "Sunni Sufi order with many branches, including the Mujaddidi and Khalidi lines."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0055", "title": "The Dervishes; or, Oriental Spiritualism", "author": "John P. 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