{"id": "DISC-0029", "item_id": "ITEM-0017", "source_id": "SRC-0027", "year": "1937", "date_precision": "year", "disclosure_method": "academic_research", "extent": "partial", "coverage": "Initiation and other rites as described in Bektashi texts and by informants.", "review_status": "unreviewed", "notes": "", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0017", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0014", "name": "Initiation (ikrar) and the ayin-i cem ceremony", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated members (muhib) and dervishes", "restriction_mechanism": "oath;grade_requirement;social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Keeping the order's secret (sır) is a duty of the initiate", "current_status": "practiced", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "The ceremony by which a candidate is admitted to the order, and the communal rite held among initiates.", "notes": ""}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0014", "name": "Bektashi Order", "tradition_type": "religious_branch", "founded": "13th–16th century", "region": "Anatolia / Balkans", "status": "active", "wikidata": "Q467692", "notes": "Banned in Turkey with all Sufi orders in 1925; the world headquarters moved to Tirana."}, "source": {"id": "SRC-0027", "title": "The Bektashi Order of Dervishes", "author": "John Kingsley Birge", "original_year": "1937", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "", "identifiers": "ol:OL3137776W", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "unassessed", "verification_notes": "", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Draws on Bektashi manuscripts and on informants in Turkey and Albania.", "artifacts": []}, "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0027", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0027", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "disclosures", "record_id": "DISC-0029", "code": "record_unreviewed", "message": "Record review status is unreviewed; review is not proof of truth."}, {"table": "restricted_items", "record_id": "ITEM-0017", "code": "status_without_dated_evidence", "message": "The recorded practice status is provisional: no dated status claims are linked."}], "claims": [{"id": "CLM-0052", "item_id": "ITEM-0017", "claim_type": "content", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "The candidate, recommended by two members, brings a sheep, which is sacrificed at the door; a rope of its wool is put round his neck. He is stripped of metal and most of his clothing (entirely, if he takes the vow of celibacy) and led before twelve seated members, one of them the shaykh, to stand on a twelve-sided stone in the centre of the hall with arms crossed and head bowed. Kneeling knee to knee with the shaykh, their right hands joined with thumbs raised, he hears Qur'an 48:10 recited into his ear. Meetings are guarded at the door, and further vows and secrets are said to be imparted only orally, under penalty.", "period": "by 1868 (Ottoman Empire)", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0055", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "pp. 166–168", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Checked against the Internet Archive text on 2026-11-04. Brown reports, and doubts, a rumour that the shaykh whispers a pantheist doctrine under penalty of death.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0017", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0014", "name": "Initiation (ikrar) and the ayin-i cem ceremony", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated members (muhib) and dervishes", "restriction_mechanism": "oath;grade_requirement;social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Keeping the order's secret (sır) is a duty of the initiate", "current_status": "practiced", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "The ceremony by which a candidate is admitted to the order, and the communal rite held among initiates.", "notes": ""}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0014", "name": "Bektashi Order", "tradition_type": "religious_branch", "founded": "13th–16th century", "region": "Anatolia / Balkans", "status": "active", "wikidata": "Q467692", "notes": "Banned in Turkey with all Sufi orders in 1925; the world headquarters moved to Tirana."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0055", "title": "The Dervishes; or, Oriental Spiritualism", "author": "John P. Brown", "original_year": "1868", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "book", "url": "https://archive.org/details/dervishesororien00brow", "identifiers": "ia:dervishesororien00brow", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "unassessed", "verification_notes": "", "rights": "public_domain", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Brown was secretary and dragoman of the United States legation at Constantinople and drew on dervish informants and the orders' own treatises.", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0055", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0055", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "restricted_items", "record_id": "ITEM-0017", "code": "status_without_dated_evidence", "message": "The recorded practice status is provisional: no dated status claims are linked."}]}]}