{"id": "DISC-0035", "item_id": "ITEM-0021", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "year": "1901", "date_precision": "year", "disclosure_method": "academic_research", "extent": "partial", "coverage": "Selected Oraibi initiation passages at printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120; pp. 93 and 120 checked visually.", "review_status": "reviewed", "notes": "The publication contains a wider cycle and photographs; the whole publication was not inspected. The separate Stephen disclosure is not upgraded.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0021", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Powamu ceremony and Katsina society initiation", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated members of the Katsina and Powamu societies", "restriction_mechanism": "grade_requirement;controlled_access;social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Voth reports a chief’s prohibition on disclosure and warning of Katsina punishment; no broader motive is established here", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "A winter ceremony in which children are initiated into the Katsina society.", "notes": "Hopi villages have restricted outsiders' access to many ceremonies and banned photography and recording. Scope basis: explicit secrecy instructions at SRC-0034 p. 93 and graded access at p. 105. The historical Oraibi account does not establish current practice; First Mesa material remains separately unreviewed."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Hopi religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Arizona, United States", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Ceremonies are held by clans and religious societies in the Hopi villages. Wikidata has an item for the Hopi people (Q117255) but not for the religion."}, "source": {"id": "SRC-0034", "title": "The Oraibi Powamu Ceremony (Field Columbian Museum Anthropological Series 3.2)", "author": "H. R. Voth", "original_year": "1901", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "https://archive.org/details/oraibipowamucere03voth", "identifiers": "ia:oraibipowamucere03voth", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "probable", "verification_notes": "Captured the 266-page 1901 publication scan and Archive OCR. Read printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120, and visually checked pp. 93 and 120. The publication identity is supported by scan/metadata; transcription, the missionary’s interpretation of beliefs and the completeness of his account were not independently verified.", "rights": "public_domain", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Voth was a Mennonite missionary at Oraibi. Hopi people have objected strongly to his publications. Current inspection is limited to selected Oraibi passages, not all images or the complete cycle.", "artifacts": [{"id": "ARTF-0027", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "application/pdf", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth.pdf", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "584aefc32b6459b09138525dce9a5ba6901a0d8779f5a1363faa8f072b10a099", "size_bytes": "8927353", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected printed pp. 93–94, 105, 120; pp. 93 and 120 visually checked", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Complete 266-page scan captured after a resumed transfer; size matches the Archive manifest. The separate Stephen journal was not inspected."}, {"id": "ARTF-0031", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "text/plain", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth_djvu.txt", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "437e1e756ae0f08fe4814af918d330f9927b99997fd5cda584adc49d1fb2ac69", "size_bytes": "309312", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected passages corresponding to printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Archive-provided OCR derivative with transcription errors. Hash identifies these text bytes, not the PDF or original manuscript; full-text capture does not mean full inspection."}]}, "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_authenticity_probable", "message": "Source authenticity is probable; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0027", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0031", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}], "claims": [{"id": "CLM-0019", "item_id": "ITEM-0021", "claim_type": "content", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "In the Katsina initiation, held in the Marau kiva after a sand mosaic is laid, each child is set on the mosaic and whipped with yucca switches by one of two Ho Katsinas, nominally with four strokes; a sponsor may take some of the strokes in the child's place.", "period": "by 1901 (Oraibi)", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0034", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "pp. 94–95, 103–104", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Checked against the Internet Archive text on 2026-11-04.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0021", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Powamu ceremony and Katsina society initiation", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated members of the Katsina and Powamu societies", "restriction_mechanism": "grade_requirement;controlled_access;social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Voth reports a chief’s prohibition on disclosure and warning of Katsina punishment; no broader motive is established here", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "A winter ceremony in which children are initiated into the Katsina society.", "notes": "Hopi villages have restricted outsiders' access to many ceremonies and banned photography and recording. Scope basis: explicit secrecy instructions at SRC-0034 p. 93 and graded access at p. 105. The historical Oraibi account does not establish current practice; First Mesa material remains separately unreviewed."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Hopi religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Arizona, United States", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Ceremonies are held by clans and religious societies in the Hopi villages. Wikidata has an item for the Hopi people (Q117255) but not for the religion."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0034", "title": "The Oraibi Powamu Ceremony (Field Columbian Museum Anthropological Series 3.2)", "author": "H. R. Voth", "original_year": "1901", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "https://archive.org/details/oraibipowamucere03voth", "identifiers": "ia:oraibipowamucere03voth", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "probable", "verification_notes": "Captured the 266-page 1901 publication scan and Archive OCR. Read printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120, and visually checked pp. 93 and 120. The publication identity is supported by scan/metadata; transcription, the missionary’s interpretation of beliefs and the completeness of his account were not independently verified.", "rights": "public_domain", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Voth was a Mennonite missionary at Oraibi. Hopi people have objected strongly to his publications. Current inspection is limited to selected Oraibi passages, not all images or the complete cycle.", "artifacts": [{"id": "ARTF-0027", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "application/pdf", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth.pdf", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "584aefc32b6459b09138525dce9a5ba6901a0d8779f5a1363faa8f072b10a099", "size_bytes": "8927353", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected printed pp. 93–94, 105, 120; pp. 93 and 120 visually checked", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Complete 266-page scan captured after a resumed transfer; size matches the Archive manifest. The separate Stephen journal was not inspected."}, {"id": "ARTF-0031", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "text/plain", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth_djvu.txt", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "437e1e756ae0f08fe4814af918d330f9927b99997fd5cda584adc49d1fb2ac69", "size_bytes": "309312", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected passages corresponding to printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Archive-provided OCR derivative with transcription errors. Hash identifies these text bytes, not the PDF or original manuscript; full-text capture does not mean full inspection."}]}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_authenticity_probable", "message": "Source authenticity is probable; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0027", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0031", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0020", "item_id": "ITEM-0021", "claim_type": "content", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "According to Voth, novices taught to regard the Katsinas as supernatural beings learn at the unmasked night dance that the performers are Hopi people.", "period": "by 1901 (Oraibi)", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0034", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "p. 120", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Printed p. 120 checked visually against the scan on 2026-11-04. This is the source’s account of performers and novices’ prior understanding, not independent verification of every participant’s beliefs or a conclusion about spiritual reality. Stephen’s separate First Mesa account remains unreviewed as corroboration.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0021", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Powamu ceremony and Katsina society initiation", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated members of the Katsina and Powamu societies", "restriction_mechanism": "grade_requirement;controlled_access;social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Voth reports a chief’s prohibition on disclosure and warning of Katsina punishment; no broader motive is established here", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "A winter ceremony in which children are initiated into the Katsina society.", "notes": "Hopi villages have restricted outsiders' access to many ceremonies and banned photography and recording. Scope basis: explicit secrecy instructions at SRC-0034 p. 93 and graded access at p. 105. The historical Oraibi account does not establish current practice; First Mesa material remains separately unreviewed."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Hopi religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Arizona, United States", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Ceremonies are held by clans and religious societies in the Hopi villages. Wikidata has an item for the Hopi people (Q117255) but not for the religion."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0034", "title": "The Oraibi Powamu Ceremony (Field Columbian Museum Anthropological Series 3.2)", "author": "H. R. Voth", "original_year": "1901", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "https://archive.org/details/oraibipowamucere03voth", "identifiers": "ia:oraibipowamucere03voth", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "probable", "verification_notes": "Captured the 266-page 1901 publication scan and Archive OCR. Read printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120, and visually checked pp. 93 and 120. The publication identity is supported by scan/metadata; transcription, the missionary’s interpretation of beliefs and the completeness of his account were not independently verified.", "rights": "public_domain", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Voth was a Mennonite missionary at Oraibi. Hopi people have objected strongly to his publications. Current inspection is limited to selected Oraibi passages, not all images or the complete cycle.", "artifacts": [{"id": "ARTF-0027", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "application/pdf", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth.pdf", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "584aefc32b6459b09138525dce9a5ba6901a0d8779f5a1363faa8f072b10a099", "size_bytes": "8927353", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected printed pp. 93–94, 105, 120; pp. 93 and 120 visually checked", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Complete 266-page scan captured after a resumed transfer; size matches the Archive manifest. The separate Stephen journal was not inspected."}, {"id": "ARTF-0031", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "text/plain", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth_djvu.txt", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "437e1e756ae0f08fe4814af918d330f9927b99997fd5cda584adc49d1fb2ac69", "size_bytes": "309312", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected passages corresponding to printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Archive-provided OCR derivative with transcription errors. Hash identifies these text bytes, not the PDF or original manuscript; full-text capture does not mean full inspection."}]}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_authenticity_probable", "message": "Source authenticity is probable; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0027", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0031", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0067", "item_id": "ITEM-0021", "claim_type": "suppression", "suppression_method": "community_pressure", "statement": "In 1994 the chairman of the Hopi Tribe wrote to dozens of museums and archives asking them to close Hopi collections to researchers without the tribe's written permission. Tribal leaders singled out H. R. Voth's photographs and field notes as harmful because they made esoteric ritual knowledge public. The Mennonite Library and Archives at Bethel College, a major holder of Voth material, still granted permission to publish a Voth photograph in 1998.", "period": "1994–1998", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0066", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0066: p. 18 (the 1994 letter); p. 19 (Voth and Bethel College)", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Brown's account draws on his interviews at the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office in 1997. The letter itself has not been located.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0021", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Powamu ceremony and Katsina society initiation", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated members of the Katsina and Powamu societies", "restriction_mechanism": "grade_requirement;controlled_access;social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Voth reports a chief’s prohibition on disclosure and warning of Katsina punishment; no broader motive is established here", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "A winter ceremony in which children are initiated into the Katsina society.", "notes": "Hopi villages have restricted outsiders' access to many ceremonies and banned photography and recording. Scope basis: explicit secrecy instructions at SRC-0034 p. 93 and graded access at p. 105. The historical Oraibi account does not establish current practice; First Mesa material remains separately unreviewed."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Hopi religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Arizona, United States", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Ceremonies are held by clans and religious societies in the Hopi villages. Wikidata has an item for the Hopi people (Q117255) but not for the religion."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0066", "title": "Cultural Records in Question: Information and Its Moral Dilemmas", "author": "Michael F. Brown", "original_year": "1998", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "periodical", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20090109071033/http://crm.cr.nps.gov/archive/21-6/21-6-5.pdf", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork;scholarship", "source_authenticity": "unassessed", "verification_notes": "", "rights": "public_domain", "content_hash": "", "notes": "CRM (US National Park Service) 21, no. 6 (1998), pp. 18–20. Draws on the author's November 1997 interviews at the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office. Read via the Wayback Machine on 2026-11-04.", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0066", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0066", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0242", "item_id": "ITEM-0021", "claim_type": "content", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "Voth reports that the chief forbids initiates to disclose what they saw even to parents and supplies a cover explanation for questions about Chowilawu.", "period": "Historical Oraibi account published in 1901", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0034", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0034: p. 93", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Page image checked. The instruction is reported by Voth, whose speech rendering is introduced as a summary rather than a verbatim transcript.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0021", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Powamu ceremony and Katsina society initiation", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated members of the Katsina and Powamu societies", "restriction_mechanism": "grade_requirement;controlled_access;social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Voth reports a chief’s prohibition on disclosure and warning of Katsina punishment; no broader motive is established here", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "A winter ceremony in which children are initiated into the Katsina society.", "notes": "Hopi villages have restricted outsiders' access to many ceremonies and banned photography and recording. Scope basis: explicit secrecy instructions at SRC-0034 p. 93 and graded access at p. 105. The historical Oraibi account does not establish current practice; First Mesa material remains separately unreviewed."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Hopi religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Arizona, United States", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Ceremonies are held by clans and religious societies in the Hopi villages. Wikidata has an item for the Hopi people (Q117255) but not for the religion."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0034", "title": "The Oraibi Powamu Ceremony (Field Columbian Museum Anthropological Series 3.2)", "author": "H. R. Voth", "original_year": "1901", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "https://archive.org/details/oraibipowamucere03voth", "identifiers": "ia:oraibipowamucere03voth", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "probable", "verification_notes": "Captured the 266-page 1901 publication scan and Archive OCR. Read printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120, and visually checked pp. 93 and 120. The publication identity is supported by scan/metadata; transcription, the missionary’s interpretation of beliefs and the completeness of his account were not independently verified.", "rights": "public_domain", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Voth was a Mennonite missionary at Oraibi. Hopi people have objected strongly to his publications. Current inspection is limited to selected Oraibi passages, not all images or the complete cycle.", "artifacts": [{"id": "ARTF-0027", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "application/pdf", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth.pdf", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "584aefc32b6459b09138525dce9a5ba6901a0d8779f5a1363faa8f072b10a099", "size_bytes": "8927353", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected printed pp. 93–94, 105, 120; pp. 93 and 120 visually checked", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Complete 266-page scan captured after a resumed transfer; size matches the Archive manifest. The separate Stephen journal was not inspected."}, {"id": "ARTF-0031", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "text/plain", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth_djvu.txt", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "437e1e756ae0f08fe4814af918d330f9927b99997fd5cda584adc49d1fb2ac69", "size_bytes": "309312", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected passages corresponding to printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Archive-provided OCR derivative with transcription errors. Hash identifies these text bytes, not the PDF or original manuscript; full-text capture does not mean full inspection."}]}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_authenticity_probable", "message": "Source authenticity is probable; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0027", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0031", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0243", "item_id": "ITEM-0021", "claim_type": "content", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "Katsina initiation grants access to songs, traditions and impersonation, while leading the dancers as naamu remains a Powamu-member prerogative.", "period": "Historical Oraibi account published in 1901", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0034", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0034: p. 105", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Checked the cited passage. This is an attributed historical text/account, with no independent corroboration or current-practice inference.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0021", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Powamu ceremony and Katsina society initiation", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated members of the Katsina and Powamu societies", "restriction_mechanism": "grade_requirement;controlled_access;social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Voth reports a chief’s prohibition on disclosure and warning of Katsina punishment; no broader motive is established here", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "A winter ceremony in which children are initiated into the Katsina society.", "notes": "Hopi villages have restricted outsiders' access to many ceremonies and banned photography and recording. Scope basis: explicit secrecy instructions at SRC-0034 p. 93 and graded access at p. 105. The historical Oraibi account does not establish current practice; First Mesa material remains separately unreviewed."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Hopi religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Arizona, United States", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Ceremonies are held by clans and religious societies in the Hopi villages. Wikidata has an item for the Hopi people (Q117255) but not for the religion."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0034", "title": "The Oraibi Powamu Ceremony (Field Columbian Museum Anthropological Series 3.2)", "author": "H. R. Voth", "original_year": "1901", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "https://archive.org/details/oraibipowamucere03voth", "identifiers": "ia:oraibipowamucere03voth", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "probable", "verification_notes": "Captured the 266-page 1901 publication scan and Archive OCR. Read printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120, and visually checked pp. 93 and 120. The publication identity is supported by scan/metadata; transcription, the missionary’s interpretation of beliefs and the completeness of his account were not independently verified.", "rights": "public_domain", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Voth was a Mennonite missionary at Oraibi. Hopi people have objected strongly to his publications. Current inspection is limited to selected Oraibi passages, not all images or the complete cycle.", "artifacts": [{"id": "ARTF-0027", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "application/pdf", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth.pdf", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "584aefc32b6459b09138525dce9a5ba6901a0d8779f5a1363faa8f072b10a099", "size_bytes": "8927353", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected printed pp. 93–94, 105, 120; pp. 93 and 120 visually checked", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Complete 266-page scan captured after a resumed transfer; size matches the Archive manifest. The separate Stephen journal was not inspected."}, {"id": "ARTF-0031", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "text/plain", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth_djvu.txt", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "437e1e756ae0f08fe4814af918d330f9927b99997fd5cda584adc49d1fb2ac69", "size_bytes": "309312", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected passages corresponding to printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Archive-provided OCR derivative with transcription errors. Hash identifies these text bytes, not the PDF or original manuscript; full-text capture does not mean full inspection."}]}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_authenticity_probable", "message": "Source authenticity is probable; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0027", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0031", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0244", "item_id": "ITEM-0021", "claim_type": "content", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "The account includes girls and women among Powamu members but assigns different ceremonial roles to them.", "period": "Historical Oraibi account published in 1901", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0034", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0034: pp. 93–94", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Retains the source’s role distinctions; it does not claim equal access to every phase or a rule applying to all Hopi villages.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0021", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Powamu ceremony and Katsina society initiation", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated members of the Katsina and Powamu societies", "restriction_mechanism": "grade_requirement;controlled_access;social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Voth reports a chief’s prohibition on disclosure and warning of Katsina punishment; no broader motive is established here", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "A winter ceremony in which children are initiated into the Katsina society.", "notes": "Hopi villages have restricted outsiders' access to many ceremonies and banned photography and recording. Scope basis: explicit secrecy instructions at SRC-0034 p. 93 and graded access at p. 105. The historical Oraibi account does not establish current practice; First Mesa material remains separately unreviewed."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Hopi religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Arizona, United States", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Ceremonies are held by clans and religious societies in the Hopi villages. Wikidata has an item for the Hopi people (Q117255) but not for the religion."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0034", "title": "The Oraibi Powamu Ceremony (Field Columbian Museum Anthropological Series 3.2)", "author": "H. R. Voth", "original_year": "1901", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "https://archive.org/details/oraibipowamucere03voth", "identifiers": "ia:oraibipowamucere03voth", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "probable", "verification_notes": "Captured the 266-page 1901 publication scan and Archive OCR. Read printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120, and visually checked pp. 93 and 120. The publication identity is supported by scan/metadata; transcription, the missionary’s interpretation of beliefs and the completeness of his account were not independently verified.", "rights": "public_domain", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Voth was a Mennonite missionary at Oraibi. Hopi people have objected strongly to his publications. Current inspection is limited to selected Oraibi passages, not all images or the complete cycle.", "artifacts": [{"id": "ARTF-0027", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "application/pdf", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth.pdf", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "584aefc32b6459b09138525dce9a5ba6901a0d8779f5a1363faa8f072b10a099", "size_bytes": "8927353", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected printed pp. 93–94, 105, 120; pp. 93 and 120 visually checked", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Complete 266-page scan captured after a resumed transfer; size matches the Archive manifest. The separate Stephen journal was not inspected."}, {"id": "ARTF-0031", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "text/plain", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth_djvu.txt", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "437e1e756ae0f08fe4814af918d330f9927b99997fd5cda584adc49d1fb2ac69", "size_bytes": "309312", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected passages corresponding to printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Archive-provided OCR derivative with transcription errors. Hash identifies these text bytes, not the PDF or original manuscript; full-text capture does not mean full inspection."}]}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_authenticity_probable", "message": "Source authenticity is probable; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0027", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0031", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0245", "item_id": "ITEM-0021", "claim_type": "other", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "Voth relates an origin tradition explaining flogging as punishment for a boy’s disclosure and a warning to other novices.", "period": "Historical Oraibi account published in 1901", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0034", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0034: p. 105, origin tradition following initiation account", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "An expressly reported origin tradition, not a separately established historical punishment or proof of a particular executed sanction.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0021", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Powamu ceremony and Katsina society initiation", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated members of the Katsina and Powamu societies", "restriction_mechanism": "grade_requirement;controlled_access;social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Voth reports a chief’s prohibition on disclosure and warning of Katsina punishment; no broader motive is established here", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "A winter ceremony in which children are initiated into the Katsina society.", "notes": "Hopi villages have restricted outsiders' access to many ceremonies and banned photography and recording. Scope basis: explicit secrecy instructions at SRC-0034 p. 93 and graded access at p. 105. The historical Oraibi account does not establish current practice; First Mesa material remains separately unreviewed."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0018", "name": "Hopi religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Arizona, United States", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Ceremonies are held by clans and religious societies in the Hopi villages. Wikidata has an item for the Hopi people (Q117255) but not for the religion."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0034", "title": "The Oraibi Powamu Ceremony (Field Columbian Museum Anthropological Series 3.2)", "author": "H. R. Voth", "original_year": "1901", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "https://archive.org/details/oraibipowamucere03voth", "identifiers": "ia:oraibipowamucere03voth", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "probable", "verification_notes": "Captured the 266-page 1901 publication scan and Archive OCR. Read printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120, and visually checked pp. 93 and 120. The publication identity is supported by scan/metadata; transcription, the missionary’s interpretation of beliefs and the completeness of his account were not independently verified.", "rights": "public_domain", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Voth was a Mennonite missionary at Oraibi. Hopi people have objected strongly to his publications. Current inspection is limited to selected Oraibi passages, not all images or the complete cycle.", "artifacts": [{"id": "ARTF-0027", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "application/pdf", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth.pdf", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "584aefc32b6459b09138525dce9a5ba6901a0d8779f5a1363faa8f072b10a099", "size_bytes": "8927353", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected printed pp. 93–94, 105, 120; pp. 93 and 120 visually checked", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Complete 266-page scan captured after a resumed transfer; size matches the Archive manifest. The separate Stephen journal was not inspected."}, {"id": "ARTF-0031", "source_id": "SRC-0034", "artifact_kind": "document", "media_type": "text/plain", "url": "https://archive.org/download/oraibipowamucere03voth/oraibipowamucere03voth_djvu.txt", "ipfs_cid": "", "btih": "", "member_path": "", "sha256": "437e1e756ae0f08fe4814af918d330f9927b99997fd5cda584adc49d1fb2ac69", "size_bytes": "309312", "inspection_status": "partial", "inspected_parts": "Selected passages corresponding to printed pp. 93–94, 105 and 120", "accessed_on": "2026-11-04", "notes": "Archive-provided OCR derivative with transcription errors. Hash identifies these text bytes, not the PDF or original manuscript; full-text capture does not mean full inspection."}]}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_authenticity_probable", "message": "Source authenticity is probable; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0034", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0027", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}, {"table": "source_artifacts", "record_id": "ARTF-0031", "code": "artifact_partial", "message": "Artifact inspection is partial; use only its recorded inspected portions."}]}]}
