{"id": "DISC-0060", "item_id": "ITEM-0031", "source_id": "SRC-0062", "year": "1976", "date_precision": "year", "disclosure_method": "academic_research", "extent": "partial", "coverage": "Descriptions and photographs of sacred sites and objects, paintings and rock engravings", "review_status": "unreviewed", "notes": "The book has not been read for this dataset; coverage is as described in SRC-0074 and SRC-0063.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0031", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0026", "name": "Men's restricted ceremonies, sites and designs recorded by C. P. Mountford", "secrecy_type": "restricted_oral_knowledge", "restricted_to": "Initiated Pitjantjatjara men", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Knowledge given in confidence and not to be seen by women, children or uninitiated men", "current_status": "practiced", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "Knowledge of sacred sites and objects, paintings and rock engravings explained to Mountford in confidence during fieldwork in 1940, which he recorded and photographed and printed in Nomads of the Australian Desert (1976).", "notes": ""}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0026", "name": "Pitjantjatjara religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Western Desert (north-west South Australia, south-west Northern Territory, eastern Western Australia)", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Also spelled Pitjantjara. Shares much restricted knowledge with neighbouring Western Desert peoples."}, "source": {"id": "SRC-0062", "title": "Nomads of the Australian Desert", "author": "Charles P. Mountford", "original_year": "1976", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "book", "url": "https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA25339706", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "unassessed", "verification_notes": "OSINT check 2026-11-04: Located a specific CiNii catalogue record, with a separate institutional collection record at https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/items/c86a2557-3431-4268-bb9c-d658fddea2bd . This identifies a bibliographic/holding route, not a complete scan; content inspection and authenticity are not upgraded.", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Published by Rigby, Adelaide. Withdrawn from sale after Foster v Mountford (1976) 29 FLR 233, also reported as 14 ALR 71; copies remain in libraries and the second-hand trade.", "artifacts": []}, "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0062", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0062", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "disclosures", "record_id": "DISC-0060", "code": "record_unreviewed", "message": "Record review status is unreviewed; review is not proof of truth."}, {"table": "restricted_items", "record_id": "ITEM-0031", "code": "status_without_dated_evidence", "message": "The recorded practice status is provisional: no dated status claims are linked."}], "claims": [{"id": "CLM-0063", "item_id": "ITEM-0031", "claim_type": "suppression", "suppression_method": "court_injunction;publication_withdrawn", "statement": "In 1976 Justice James Muirhead of the Northern Territory Supreme Court, on an ex parte application by members of the Pitjantjatjara Council heard in chambers, applied the equitable law of confidential information to restrain the book's sale, display and distribution in the Northern Territory. He called the book a magnificent publication but found that the plaintiffs would suffer damage and dislocation if its confidential material reached the uninitiated. The publisher Rigby then withdrew it; about 2,000 copies had been sold, several hundred were destroyed in a warehouse fire, and the rest were bought by the Aboriginal Arts Board.", "period": "1976", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0063;SRC-0074", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0063: paras 2–3 and 11–16; SRC-0074: section 'Case law', text at notes 131–133 (citing 29 FLR 233 at 236)", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "SRC-0074 (a Federal Court judge's paper) and SRC-0063 (journalism) agree on the court, judge, ex parte procedure, legal basis and territorial scope. They are not counted as independent because both rest on the same judgment, which has not been read for this dataset. The withdrawal and the figures for copies sold, burned and bought come from SRC-0063 alone, given as 'understood' without a source. SRC-0074 notes the case has limited weight as precedent because it was heard ex parte.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0031", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0026", "name": "Men's restricted ceremonies, sites and designs recorded by C. P. Mountford", "secrecy_type": "restricted_oral_knowledge", "restricted_to": "Initiated Pitjantjatjara men", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Knowledge given in confidence and not to be seen by women, children or uninitiated men", "current_status": "practiced", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "Knowledge of sacred sites and objects, paintings and rock engravings explained to Mountford in confidence during fieldwork in 1940, which he recorded and photographed and printed in Nomads of the Australian Desert (1976).", "notes": ""}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0026", "name": "Pitjantjatjara religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Western Desert (north-west South Australia, south-west Northern Territory, eastern Western Australia)", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Also spelled Pitjantjara. Shares much restricted knowledge with neighbouring Western Desert peoples."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0063", "title": "Why a banned book of sacred Indigenous knowledge is still available for sale", "author": "Bob Gosford", "original_year": "2019", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "website", "url": "https://www.crikey.com.au/2019/07/26/nomads-pitjantjara-banned-book/", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "published_exposure", "source_authenticity": "unassessed", "verification_notes": "", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Crikey, 26 July 2019; an edited excerpt from the author's Northern Myth blog. Read on 2026-11-04.", "artifacts": []}, {"id": "SRC-0074", "title": "Legal protection of indigenous culture in Australia", "author": "Ronald Sackville (Justice, Federal Court of Australia)", "original_year": "2002", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/journals/FedJSchol/2002/1.html", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "scholarship", "source_authenticity": "verified", "verification_notes": "Read on 2026-11-04 from a copy of the AustLII page that the maintainer opened and pasted in; AustLII blocks automated access. Citation [2002] FedJSchol 1. Local browser re-read on 2026-11-04 through the working viewdoc URL, including the Foster v Mountford passage. The earlier static URL returned an automated-access failure; no source content was changed.", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Paper given at the 'Traditional Knowledge, Intellectual Property and Indigenous Culture' conference, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, 21–22 February 2002. Discusses Foster v Mountford in the section 'Case law', citing (1976) 29 FLR 233.", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0063", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0063", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0074", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "restricted_items", "record_id": "ITEM-0031", "code": "status_without_dated_evidence", "message": "The recorded practice status is provisional: no dated status claims are linked."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0064", "item_id": "ITEM-0031", "claim_type": "stated_reason", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "The plaintiffs said the knowledge had been explained to Mountford in confidence by Pitjantjatjara people during his 1940 fieldwork, more than 35 years earlier, and was restricted by gender and initiation, so that publishing it breached a duty of confidence. They claimed to represent all Aboriginal people living on Pitjantjatjara traditional lands.", "period": "1976", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0063;SRC-0074", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0063: paras 14–15; SRC-0074: section 'Case law', text at note 132", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Both sources report the plaintiffs' case as recorded in the judgment, so they are not independent. Few, if any, of the original informants were alive in 1976 (SRC-0063).", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0031", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0026", "name": "Men's restricted ceremonies, sites and designs recorded by C. P. Mountford", "secrecy_type": "restricted_oral_knowledge", "restricted_to": "Initiated Pitjantjatjara men", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Knowledge given in confidence and not to be seen by women, children or uninitiated men", "current_status": "practiced", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "Knowledge of sacred sites and objects, paintings and rock engravings explained to Mountford in confidence during fieldwork in 1940, which he recorded and photographed and printed in Nomads of the Australian Desert (1976).", "notes": ""}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0026", "name": "Pitjantjatjara religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Western Desert (north-west South Australia, south-west Northern Territory, eastern Western Australia)", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Also spelled Pitjantjara. Shares much restricted knowledge with neighbouring Western Desert peoples."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0063", "title": "Why a banned book of sacred Indigenous knowledge is still available for sale", "author": "Bob Gosford", "original_year": "2019", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "website", "url": "https://www.crikey.com.au/2019/07/26/nomads-pitjantjara-banned-book/", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "published_exposure", "source_authenticity": "unassessed", "verification_notes": "", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Crikey, 26 July 2019; an edited excerpt from the author's Northern Myth blog. Read on 2026-11-04.", "artifacts": []}, {"id": "SRC-0074", "title": "Legal protection of indigenous culture in Australia", "author": "Ronald Sackville (Justice, Federal Court of Australia)", "original_year": "2002", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "academic", "url": "https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/journals/FedJSchol/2002/1.html", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "scholarship", "source_authenticity": "verified", "verification_notes": "Read on 2026-11-04 from a copy of the AustLII page that the maintainer opened and pasted in; AustLII blocks automated access. Citation [2002] FedJSchol 1. Local browser re-read on 2026-11-04 through the working viewdoc URL, including the Foster v Mountford passage. The earlier static URL returned an automated-access failure; no source content was changed.", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Paper given at the 'Traditional Knowledge, Intellectual Property and Indigenous Culture' conference, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, 21–22 February 2002. Discusses Foster v Mountford in the section 'Case law', citing (1976) 29 FLR 233.", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0063", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0063", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0074", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "restricted_items", "record_id": "ITEM-0031", "code": "status_without_dated_evidence", "message": "The recorded practice status is provisional: no dated status claims are linked."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0065", "item_id": "ITEM-0031", "claim_type": "other", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "The injunction has effect only in the Northern Territory. As of 2019 the book was held by at least 70 Australian libraries and offered by booksellers in Australia and abroad.", "period": "as of 2019", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0063", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0063: paras 3 and 17–19", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Library count from the author's search of the National Library of Australia catalogue.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0031", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0026", "name": "Men's restricted ceremonies, sites and designs recorded by C. P. Mountford", "secrecy_type": "restricted_oral_knowledge", "restricted_to": "Initiated Pitjantjatjara men", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction", "stated_reason": "Knowledge given in confidence and not to be seen by women, children or uninitiated men", "current_status": "practiced", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "Knowledge of sacred sites and objects, paintings and rock engravings explained to Mountford in confidence during fieldwork in 1940, which he recorded and photographed and printed in Nomads of the Australian Desert (1976).", "notes": ""}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0026", "name": "Pitjantjatjara religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "ancient", "region": "Western Desert (north-west South Australia, south-west Northern Territory, eastern Western Australia)", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Also spelled Pitjantjara. Shares much restricted knowledge with neighbouring Western Desert peoples."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0063", "title": "Why a banned book of sacred Indigenous knowledge is still available for sale", "author": "Bob Gosford", "original_year": "2019", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "website", "url": "https://www.crikey.com.au/2019/07/26/nomads-pitjantjara-banned-book/", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "published_exposure", "source_authenticity": "unassessed", "verification_notes": "", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Crikey, 26 July 2019; an edited excerpt from the author's Northern Myth blog. Read on 2026-11-04.", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0063", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0063", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "restricted_items", "record_id": "ITEM-0031", "code": "status_without_dated_evidence", "message": "The recorded practice status is provisional: no dated status claims are linked."}]}]}