{"id": "DISC-0070", "item_id": "ITEM-0038", "source_id": "SRC-0082", "year": "1977", "date_precision": "year", "disclosure_method": "voluntary_release", "extent": "partial", "coverage": "The healer's own account of her vigils and their rules, with transcribed chants; read only through search-inside passages so far", "review_status": "unreviewed", "notes": "", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0038", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0030", "name": "The mushroom vigil (velada) and the 'saint children'", "secrecy_type": "closed_liturgy", "restricted_to": "Mazatec families and patients gathered by a healer; kept from outsiders until 1955", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction;oral_only", "stated_reason": "Outsiders who take the mushrooms without need spoil them: they lose their purity and force (CLM-0094)", "current_status": "modified", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "An all-night rite in which a healer and the participants eat psilocybin mushrooms in the dark, and the healer chants and consults the mushrooms about sickness, lost things and absent people.", "notes": "Made public by R. 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At about 10:30 the curandera cleaned the mushrooms and, with prayers, passed them through the smoke of resin incense before an altar with Christian images. She shared them out among the adults, always counting them in pairs: thirteen pairs each for herself and her daughter, six pairs for each visitor; children were not given any. Before midnight she snuffed out the last candle with a flower from the altar, and the rite went on in total darkness until dawn, with the curandera and her daughter chanting in turn.", "period": "1955", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0081", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0081: pp. 102, 109", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Wasson calls the curandera Eva Mendez (CLM-0093). SRC-0083 gives the same outline (copal smoke, pairs, darkness), but largely from Wasson, so it is not counted as independent. Read on Google Books on 2026-11-04.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0038", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0030", "name": "The mushroom vigil (velada) and the 'saint children'", "secrecy_type": "closed_liturgy", "restricted_to": "Mazatec families and patients gathered by a healer; kept from outsiders until 1955", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction;oral_only", "stated_reason": "Outsiders who take the mushrooms without need spoil them: they lose their purity and force (CLM-0094)", "current_status": "modified", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "An all-night rite in which a healer and the participants eat psilocybin mushrooms in the dark, and the healer chants and consults the mushrooms about sickness, lost things and absent people.", "notes": "Made public by R. 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Calls the curandera 'Eva Mendez' and the language 'Mixeteco' (CLM-0093).", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0081", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "restricted_items", "record_id": "ITEM-0038", "code": "status_without_dated_evidence", "message": "The recorded practice status is provisional: no dated status claims are linked."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0090", "item_id": "ITEM-0038", "claim_type": "content", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "The mushrooms are not treated as a cure in themselves: people 'consult' them in grave trouble. They are asked what caused an illness, whether the patient will live or die and what will help; who stole a donkey and where it will be found; and whether a son who has gone away is alive, in jail, married or prospering.", "period": "1950s", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0081", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0081: p. 118", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Wasson adds that when the verdict is death the patient and family resign themselves and begin preparing the wake. Read on Google Books on 2026-11-04.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0038", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0030", "name": "The mushroom vigil (velada) and the 'saint children'", "secrecy_type": "closed_liturgy", "restricted_to": "Mazatec families and patients gathered by a healer; kept from outsiders until 1955", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction;oral_only", "stated_reason": "Outsiders who take the mushrooms without need spoil them: they lose their purity and force (CLM-0094)", "current_status": "modified", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "An all-night rite in which a healer and the participants eat psilocybin mushrooms in the dark, and the healer chants and consults the mushrooms about sickness, lost things and absent people.", "notes": "Made public by R. 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Mazatecs spoke of the vigils in a low voice and avoided saying the mushrooms' Mazatec name, 'nti xi tjo (also written 'nti-xi-tjo, or 'nti sheeto by Wasson: 'that which springs forth', with 'nti a particle of reverence and endearment), calling them instead the little things or the little saints, as their ancestors had.", "period": "before 1955", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0082;SRC-0081;SRC-0083", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0082: p. 79; SRC-0081: p. 102 (the name); SRC-0083: section on childhood (the name and its meaning)", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "The secrecy and the avoidance of the name are María Sabina's own testimony (SRC-0082). SRC-0082 also prints the name, but with tone marks the search-inside text does not render legibly; the spellings given here are Wasson's, who says he used the name when first asking about the mushroom, and Allen's, who glosses it. Wasson also says (SRC-0081, p. 101) that the mushrooms had been a secret of certain Indian peoples for centuries and that no anthropologist had described the rite, which is consistent with her account but is his own judgement rather than evidence of the practice. Read on 2026-11-04.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0038", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0030", "name": "The mushroom vigil (velada) and the 'saint children'", "secrecy_type": "closed_liturgy", "restricted_to": "Mazatec families and patients gathered by a healer; kept from outsiders until 1955", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction;oral_only", "stated_reason": "Outsiders who take the mushrooms without need spoil them: they lose their purity and force (CLM-0094)", "current_status": "modified", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "An all-night rite in which a healer and the participants eat psilocybin mushrooms in the dark, and the healer chants and consults the mushrooms about sickness, lost things and absent people.", "notes": "Made public by R. 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Gordon Wasson", "original_year": "1977", "edition_year": "1981", "source_type": "book", "url": "https://archive.org/details/marasabinaherl00estr", "identifiers": "ia:marasabinaherl00estr;isbn:091552032X", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "unassessed", "verification_notes": "", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "María Sabina's account of her life, told in Mazatec to Estrada, himself from Huautla, and first published in Spanish as Vida de María Sabina; linked copy is the English edition (Santa Barbara: Ross-Erikson, 1981). The Internet Archive copy is restricted to print-disabled patrons; the passages used here were read through its search-inside results in Chrome on 2026-11-04.", "artifacts": []}, {"id": "SRC-0081", "title": "Seeking the Magic Mushroom", "author": "R. Gordon Wasson", "original_year": "1957", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "periodical", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA100", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "academic_fieldwork", "source_authenticity": "verified", "verification_notes": "Read in the full-view scan of the issue on Google Books on 2026-11-04 (OCR of the page images); the issue, date, title and pages match the standard citation.", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "Life 42, no. 19 (13 May 1957), pp. 100–102, 109–120, in the series Great Adventures. Wasson's account of the vigil he attended at Huautla de Jiménez on 29–30 June 1955. Calls the curandera 'Eva Mendez' and the language 'Mixeteco' (CLM-0093).", "artifacts": []}, {"id": "SRC-0083", "title": "María Sabina: Saint Mother of the Sacred Mushrooms", "author": "John W. Allen", "original_year": "", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "website", "url": "https://erowid.org/plants/mushrooms/mushrooms_article6.shtml", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "scholarship", "source_authenticity": "unassessed", "verification_notes": "", "rights": "copyrighted", "content_hash": "", "notes": "From the author's Mushroom Pioneers; archived by Erowid with his permission (page last modified 21 February 2015). Draws mainly on Wasson and Estrada. Read in Chrome on 2026-11-04.", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0081", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0082", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0082", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0083", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0083", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "restricted_items", "record_id": "ITEM-0038", "code": "status_without_dated_evidence", "message": "The recorded practice status is provisional: no dated status claims are linked."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0092", "item_id": "ITEM-0038", "claim_type": "other", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "Wasson was admitted through the town's síndico: he asked the official, Filemón, in confidence and using the Mazatec name of the mushroom, to help him learn its secrets, and Filemón led him to the curandera. María Sabina later said she had only obeyed the síndico.", "period": "1955", "claim_support": "independently_corroborated", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0081;SRC-0082", "independent_source_ids": "SRC-0081;SRC-0082", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0081: p. 102; SRC-0082: p. 79", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Wasson's and María Sabina's accounts are independent of each other and agree on the síndico's role. SRC-0083 instead names her friend Cayetano as the go-between; María Sabina also mentions Cayetano bringing the foreigners (SRC-0082, p. 20). Read on 2026-11-04.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0038", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0030", "name": "The mushroom vigil (velada) and the 'saint children'", "secrecy_type": "closed_liturgy", "restricted_to": "Mazatec families and patients gathered by a healer; kept from outsiders until 1955", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction;oral_only", "stated_reason": "Outsiders who take the mushrooms without need spoil them: they lose their purity and force (CLM-0094)", "current_status": "modified", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "An all-night rite in which a healer and the participants eat psilocybin mushrooms in the dark, and the healer chants and consults the mushrooms about sickness, lost things and absent people.", "notes": "Made public by R. 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The Internet Archive copy is restricted to print-disabled patrons; the passages used here were read through its search-inside results in Chrome on 2026-11-04.", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0081", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0082", "code": "source_authenticity_unassessed", "message": "Source authenticity is unassessed; this is separate from the truth of its assertions."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0082", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "restricted_items", "record_id": "ITEM-0038", "code": "status_without_dated_evidence", "message": "The recorded practice status is provisional: no dated status claims are linked."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0093", "item_id": "ITEM-0038", "claim_type": "other", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "In Life Wasson called the curandera Eva Mendez and the language Mixeteco. The curandera was María Sabina of Huautla de Jiménez, and the language Mazatec; the names were changed to protect her from thrill-seekers.", "period": "1957", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0083", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0083: introduction and section on childhood", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "The names as printed are in SRC-0081 (pp. 101–102). The identification and the stated motive rest on SRC-0083, which also says Valentina Wasson gave the language as Mixtec in This Week (1958) for the same reason. Read on 2026-11-04.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0038", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0030", "name": "The mushroom vigil (velada) and the 'saint children'", "secrecy_type": "closed_liturgy", "restricted_to": "Mazatec families and patients gathered by a healer; kept from outsiders until 1955", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction;oral_only", "stated_reason": "Outsiders who take the mushrooms without need spoil them: they lose their purity and force (CLM-0094)", "current_status": "modified", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "An all-night rite in which a healer and the participants eat psilocybin mushrooms in the dark, and the healer chants and consults the mushrooms about sickness, lost things and absent people.", "notes": "Made public by R. Gordon Wasson's account in Life (1957) of a vigil led by María Sabina, whom he called Eva Mendez."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0030", "name": "Mazatec mushroom religion", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "pre-Columbian (mushroom rites); blended with Catholicism after the conquest", "region": "Sierra Mazateca (Huautla de Jiménez and neighbouring towns), Oaxaca, Mexico", "status": "active", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Healers (curanderos, sabios) hold night vigils with psilocybin mushrooms, which they call the saint children. Wikidata has items for the Mazatec people (Q1262708) and for María Sabina (Q442467) but not for the religion."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0083", "title": "María Sabina: Saint Mother of the Sacred Mushrooms", "author": "John W. 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Elsewhere she says that showing her wisdom to foreigners was not in itself wrong, because the children are the blood of Christ (p. 79). SRC-0083 adds, citing Estrada, that the mushrooms had always been used to cure the sick and that the foreigners came only out of curiosity or to find God. 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