{"id": "DISC-0076", "item_id": "ITEM-0041", "source_id": "SRC-0088", "year": "2021", "date_precision": "year", "disclosure_method": "journalism", "extent": "summary", "coverage": "Participant testimony, reported abductions and initiation; no complete ritual text.", "review_status": "reviewed", "notes": "The date identifies this source or publication, not necessarily the first public disclosure of the material.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0041", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0032", "name": "Poro bush initiation and compulsory incorporation of non-members", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated men and boys; bush grounds and activities restricted", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction;violence_or_threat", "stated_reason": "Not established from a practitioner statement in the inspected sources", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "Closed initiation, with reported abductions of non-members for alleged transgressions.", "notes": "The inspected evidence does not establish all internal rites, prevalence or present-day practice."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0032", "name": "Poro societies in Liberia", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "", "region": "Northern, western and central Liberia", "status": "unknown", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Spiritual and cultural initiation associations. Keep distinct from Sande and from the separate societies discussed in ritual-murder allegations; the source does not equate them."}, "source": {"id": "SRC-0088", "title": "Liberian Mother Calls for End to Forced Initiations and Secret Harmful Practices", "author": "OHCHR; United Nations in Liberia", "original_year": "2021", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "testimony", "url": "https://liberia.un.org/en/160720-liberian-mother-calls-end-forced-initiations-and-secret-harmful-practices", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "investigative_reporting", "source_authenticity": "verified", "verification_notes": "Read the OHCHR-credited story on the official UN country site on 2026-11-04. It publishes a named former initiate’s account and UN staff comments. Publication identity is verified; the interview is not independent verification of every underlying event.", "rights": "unknown", "content_hash": "", "notes": "29 November 2021. Child victims are not named in the dataset.", "artifacts": []}, "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0088", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0088", "code": "source_rights_unknown", "message": "The source text's rights have not been established."}], "claims": [{"id": "CLM-0118", "item_id": "ITEM-0041", "claim_type": "historical_practice", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "HRPS documented abductions for Poro initiation, including non-members accused of entering restricted grounds or staying outside during Poro activity.", "period": "2012–2015", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0087", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0087: p. 18, para. 66", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Checked against the specified passage on 2026-11-04. One evidentiary origin is recorded; no independent corroboration is claimed.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0041", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0032", "name": "Poro bush initiation and compulsory incorporation of non-members", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated men and boys; bush grounds and activities restricted", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction;violence_or_threat", "stated_reason": "Not established from a practitioner statement in the inspected sources", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "Closed initiation, with reported abductions of non-members for alleged transgressions.", "notes": "The inspected evidence does not establish all internal rites, prevalence or present-day practice."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0032", "name": "Poro societies in Liberia", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "", "region": "Northern, western and central Liberia", "status": "unknown", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Spiritual and cultural initiation associations. Keep distinct from Sande and from the separate societies discussed in ritual-murder allegations; the source does not equate them."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0087", "title": "An Assessment of Human Rights Issues Emanating from Traditional Practices in Liberia", "author": "United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL); Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)", "original_year": "2015", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "report", "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/LR/HarmfulTraditionalPracticesLiberia.pdf", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "investigative_reporting", "source_authenticity": "verified", "verification_notes": "Downloaded the official PDF on 2026-11-04 and inspected printed pp. 3–4, 15–19 and 23. The OHCHR and UNMIL-hosted copies have identical SHA-256 hashes; they are copies of one report, not independent evidence. Paragraph 13 describes restricted access and likely under-reporting.", "rights": "unknown", "content_hash": "sha256:67dae5aeb287a7a069113b2a519c9029c34ebf24ea8a070093e46979c42c42b7", "notes": "Published December 2015; reporting period January 2012–September 2015. Exact-copy hash is of the retrieved PDF; no public archival capture is asserted.", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0087", "code": "source_rights_unknown", "message": "The source text's rights have not been established."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0119", "item_id": "ITEM-0041", "claim_type": "historical_practice", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "HRPS recorded targeted forced initiations of Mandingo Muslims; one victim reported harm and extraction of cash and goods.", "period": "2013–2014", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0087", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0087: p. 19, para. 69 and footnotes 96–97", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Includes the victim’s account and a ministry official’s contrary assertion that the initiation was not forced. The report did not establish all physical rites (p. 18, footnote 95).", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0041", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0032", "name": "Poro bush initiation and compulsory incorporation of non-members", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated men and boys; bush grounds and activities restricted", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction;violence_or_threat", "stated_reason": "Not established from a practitioner statement in the inspected sources", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "Closed initiation, with reported abductions of non-members for alleged transgressions.", "notes": "The inspected evidence does not establish all internal rites, prevalence or present-day practice."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0032", "name": "Poro societies in Liberia", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "", "region": "Northern, western and central Liberia", "status": "unknown", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Spiritual and cultural initiation associations. Keep distinct from Sande and from the separate societies discussed in ritual-murder allegations; the source does not equate them."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0087", "title": "An Assessment of Human Rights Issues Emanating from Traditional Practices in Liberia", "author": "United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL); Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)", "original_year": "2015", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "report", "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/LR/HarmfulTraditionalPracticesLiberia.pdf", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "investigative_reporting", "source_authenticity": "verified", "verification_notes": "Downloaded the official PDF on 2026-11-04 and inspected printed pp. 3–4, 15–19 and 23. The OHCHR and UNMIL-hosted copies have identical SHA-256 hashes; they are copies of one report, not independent evidence. Paragraph 13 describes restricted access and likely under-reporting.", "rights": "unknown", "content_hash": "sha256:67dae5aeb287a7a069113b2a519c9029c34ebf24ea8a070093e46979c42c42b7", "notes": "Published December 2015; reporting period January 2012–September 2015. Exact-copy hash is of the retrieved PDF; no public archival capture is asserted.", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0087", "code": "source_rights_unknown", "message": "The source text's rights have not been established."}]}, {"id": "CLM-0123", "item_id": "ITEM-0041", "claim_type": "historical_practice", "suppression_method": "", "statement": "OHCHR reports that a male UN staff member was abducted, held for a week and initiated into Poro in October 2021.", "period": "October 2021", "claim_support": "single_source", "supporting_source_ids": "SRC-0088", "independent_source_ids": "", "contradicting_source_ids": "", "locators": "SRC-0088: paragraph beginning “It isn’t just girls”", "review_status": "reviewed", "verification_notes": "Checked against the specified passage on 2026-11-04. One evidentiary origin is recorded; no independent corroboration is claimed.", "item": {"id": "ITEM-0041", "tradition_id": "TRAD-0032", "name": "Poro bush initiation and compulsory incorporation of non-members", "secrecy_type": "initiatory_rite", "restricted_to": "Initiated men and boys; bush grounds and activities restricted", "restriction_mechanism": "social_sanction;violence_or_threat", "stated_reason": "Not established from a practitioner statement in the inspected sources", "current_status": "unknown", "status_as_of": "", "status_claim_ids": "", "description": "Closed initiation, with reported abductions of non-members for alleged transgressions.", "notes": "The inspected evidence does not establish all internal rites, prevalence or present-day practice."}, "tradition": {"id": "TRAD-0032", "name": "Poro societies in Liberia", "tradition_type": "indigenous_tradition", "founded": "", "region": "Northern, western and central Liberia", "status": "unknown", "wikidata": "", "notes": "Spiritual and cultural initiation associations. Keep distinct from Sande and from the separate societies discussed in ritual-murder allegations; the source does not equate them."}, "supporting_sources": [{"id": "SRC-0088", "title": "Liberian Mother Calls for End to Forced Initiations and Secret Harmful Practices", "author": "OHCHR; United Nations in Liberia", "original_year": "2021", "edition_year": "", "source_type": "testimony", "url": "https://liberia.un.org/en/160720-liberian-mother-calls-end-forced-initiations-and-secret-harmful-practices", "identifiers": "", "provenance": "investigative_reporting", "source_authenticity": "verified", "verification_notes": "Read the OHCHR-credited story on the official UN country site on 2026-11-04. It publishes a named former initiate’s account and UN staff comments. Publication identity is verified; the interview is not independent verification of every underlying event.", "rights": "unknown", "content_hash": "", "notes": "29 November 2021. Child victims are not named in the dataset.", "artifacts": []}], "contradicting_sources": [], "dataset": {"name": "open-arcana", "version": "0.3.0", "metadata_license": "CC0-1.0", "snapshot_sha256": "fd755a0cc0c78cf43dac965d39908085b13b246532d888525645150e391f8e45"}, "quality_issues": [{"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0088", "code": "source_without_content_hash", "message": "No source-level content_hash is recorded; linked artifact hashes may identify excerpts, derivatives or metadata instead."}, {"table": "sources", "record_id": "SRC-0088", "code": "source_rights_unknown", "message": "The source text's rights have not been established."}]}]}